String Methods

Terminology

Prototype: A base object that other objects can inherit. In the case of strings, methods such as string.prototype.substr() and string.prototype.trim() are inherited using prototypes.
Property: A fancy term for a variable that lives inside an object and is most often accessed using dot notation. Example: string.length.
Method: A fancy term for a function that lives inside an object and is most often accessed using dot notation. Example: string.trim().

Deep dark secret: everything in Javascript is actually an object.
Although a string is one of the primitive types, it is implicitly coerced into an object that includes the String prototype. This means that using new String() is rare since we get the methods anyway.
The String() constructor can be used in two ways!
1. new String('some string/value') will create a String object (you will do this rarely).
2. Calling it as a function: String('some value') will convert that value to a string primitive (you will do this more often).
Along with string.length string characters are also copied into an array; each character is given a number, starting at zero, in order of the characters. Each character can be accessed with bracket notation.